Voici une partie importante du Tantra Racine, qui fait partie des "Quatre Tantras" où est consigné tout le savoir traditionnel de la médecine tibétaine. Le Tantra Racine est étudié et appris par coeur, suivant la tradition, par les étudiants en première année de médecine. On peut voir le Tantra Racine comme une introduction à la médecine tibétaine et un résumé de ce qui va être développé ensuite de façon détaillée dans les textes médicaux suivants. Le texte qui suit est en anglais.
"O Great Sage, Yid-lay-kye, first i will elucidate the section on the summary of the Basic Tantra. There are nine trunks extending from the three roots, which further develop into forty-seven branches. On the branches, two hundred and twenty-four leaves grow, two flowers blossom and three fruits ripen. This is the synopsis of the Basic Tantra.
If elaborated, they are as follows: the three forces of Nad, Lu-zung and Dri-ma, while in equilibrium, result in health and disease respectively.
The three forces of Nad and Lhung, Tri-pa and Bad-kan. Life sustaining, ascending, pervasive, fire accompanying and descending are the five types of Lhung. Digestive, color regulating, accomplishing, sight and complexion clearing are the five types of Tri-pa. Supporting, decomposing, experiencing, satisfyingand connective are the five types of Bad-kan. This totals fifteen types. Nutritional essence, blood, muscle, fat, bone, marrow and regenerative fluids are the seven bodily constituents, whereas feces, urine and perspiration are the three waste products.
These twenty-five different components, if maintained in a balanced proportion by means of proper taste and potency of the diet together with a proper behavioral regimen, ensure proper growth of health and vitality. If unbalanced, they harm the body.
There are three causes for a disorder to arise and four auxiliary conditions to manifest. The disorder, after having entered the body through six different entrances, remains in the upper, lower and the middle part of the body. There are fifteen pathways through which a disorder moves, and its development is determined by nine features associated with age, place and season. These ultimately ripen into nine fatal disorders. There are twelve contraindications. The context of all of these features can be condensed into hot and cold nature. As such, there are sixty-three aspects on the object to be healed.
Attachment, hatred and delusion are the three causes for subsequent birth of Lhung, Tri-pa and Bad-kan disorders respectively.
The four conditions of season, evil spirits, diet and lifestyle act together for a disorder to increase and decrease.
The disorder then enters the skin, develops in the muscle tissues, circulates through the vessels, adheres to the bones, attacks the vital organs and descends into the vessel organs.
Bad-kan is reliant upon the brain and is therefore located in the upper part of the body, Tri-pa is reliant on the liver and gall bladder and is therefore located in the middle part of the body, and Lhung is reliant on the hip and waist region and is therefore located in the lower part of the body.
The pathways of Lhung disorders are the bone, ears, skin, heart, life channel (nerve and blood vessels) and large intestine. Blood and perspiration, as well as the eyes, liver, gall bladder and small intestine are the pathways of Tri-pa disorders. Bad-kan disorders move through nutritional essence, muscles, fat, marrow, regenerative fluid, feces and urine, as well as the nose, tongue, lungs, spleen, stomach, kidneys, and urinal bladder. These pathways of Lhung, Tri-pa and Bad-kan disorders are identified on the basis of their relation to bodily constituents, waste products, sensory organs, vital organs and vessel organs.
Elderly people are Lhung type, adults are Tri-pa type and children are Bad-kan type. At each stage in development, the body is susceptible to the disorder related to its type.
Severe cold and windy regions are the places where Lhung disorders can occur, extreme hot and dry regions are the places where Tri-pa disorders can occur and wet and humid regions are the places where Bad-kan disorders can occur.
Lhung disorders manifest during summer, in the evening and at dawn. Tri-pa disorders manifest during autumn, at noon and at midnight, whereas Bad-kan disorders manifest during spring, at dusk and in the morning.
The nine disorders of fatal consequences are said to be the following: the exhaustion of the three factors of survival, severe complications that contradict every treatment, the nature of the treatment and the disease becoming identical, the affecting of the most vulnerable part of the body, Lhung disorder beyond treatment when a severe termination of the flow of Lhung energy in the central channel occured, the hot disorder beyond treatment, the deep rooted cold disorder, extremely weak body resistant and the strong dominance of evil spirits.
The two states of pacification and non-pacification of Lhung, Tri-pa and Bad-kan disorders create two reactions thereby bringing four reactions in each Nye-pa, which totals into twelve contraindications.
Lhung and Bad-kan by nature are cold like the element Water, whereas blood and Tri-pa by nature are hot like the element Fire. The nature of Cin and Chu-ser can be either hot or cold, depending on the predominance of Nye-pa.
Thus, these eighty-eight aspects of classification help in comprehending every basis og health and diseases." Thus it was said.
This is the third chapter, on the basis of health and disease, from the Secret Quintessential Instructions on the Eight Branches of the Ambrosia Essence Tantra.
Then again Sage Rig-pai Ye-she spoke these words. "O Great Sage, listen.
All aspects of disease can be fully understood with the help of diagnostic techniques involving visual study, palpation and interrogation.
The visual study involves an examination of the tongue and the urine. This diagnostic method is the study of the case from what is seen.
Touching with the fingers is like receiving information transmitted by the messenger pulse. This diagnostic method is an analytical study of the case.
Interrogation means to take the case history, looking at the signs and symptoms as well as the dietary factors. This diagnostic method is the study of the case from what is heard.
The Lhung tongue is reddish with dry, rough texture. The Tri-pa tongue is covered with a thick, light yellow coating, and the Bad-kan tongue is whitish, thick, lustreless, smooth and moist.
The Lhung urine is water-like with large bubbles. The Tri-pa urine is reddish-yellow with a lot of steam and bad odor. The Bad-kan urine is white with little odor and steam.
The nature of Lhung pulse is floating, empty and halts irregularly. The Tri-pa pulse beats fast, is overflowing and is twisting in nature. The Bad-kan pulse is sunken, declining and slow in nature.
Interrogation regarding a Lhung disorder involves questions about yawning, shivering, stretching of limbs and cold chills, as well as pain on the hips, waist and joints, uncertain shifting pain, empty emesis, dullness of senses, mental unrest and pain when hungry due to excessive intake of light and rough natured food and participation to a lifestyle of a similar nature. If one feels better with an oily, nutritious diet, it is undoubtedly a Lhung disorder.
Excessive intake of food of a sharp and hot nature and participation to a lifestyle of the same nature bring about a bitter taste in mouth, headache, fever, upper back pain and post-digestion pain. Amelioration of the condition upon taking food of a cool nature and participation in similar behaviors undoubtedly confirms a Tri-pa disorder.
Excessive intake of food of a heavy and oily nature and participation in a lifestyle of a similar nature bring about loss of appetite, indigestion, vomiting and loss of sense of taste. These actions also bring about a feeling of fullness of the stomach, belching, heaviness of mind and body, loss of body's external and internal heat and discomfort after eating. Amelioration of the condition upon taking food of a warm nature and participation in similar behaviors undoubtedly confirms a Bad-kan disorder.
With these thirty-eight methods of examination, all disorders can be unquestionably diagnosed and analyzed correctly." Thus it was said.
This is the fourth chapter, on diagnosis on the basis of signs and symptoms, from the Secret Quintessential Instructions on the Eight Branches of the Ambrosia Essence Tantra.
Then again Sage Rig-pai Ye-she spoke these words. "O Great Sage, listen.
The four remedial measures for disorders are diet, lifestyle, medicine and external therapy.
The recommended diet for a person with a Lhung disorder consists of meat of horse, donkey, marmot, one-year-old meat, Sha-chen mustard oil, aged butter, molasses, garlic, onion, milk, and Chang made from Cha-wa, Ra-nye, molasses and bone.
The recommanded diet for Tri-pa disorders consists of curd and buttermilk made from cow or goat milk, fresh butter, meat of game animals, goat meat, fresh meat of Kom-po, porridge made from fresh barley, stew made from Kyap and Khur-mang soup, natural cool water and boiled cold water.
The diet for a person suffering from a Bad-kan disorder consists of mutton, wild yak meat, the meat of carnivores, fish, honey, cooked warm dough made from aged grain that grows in dry land, yogurt, and buttermilk made from female yak milk, concentrated Chang and hot boiled water.
Staying in warm region and enjoying the company of loved ones is the recommended lifestyle for treating Lhung disorders, whereas relaxing and staying in a cool place is the recommended lifestyle for Tri-pa disorders. Exercising and staying in a warm place is the recommended lifestyle for Bad-kan disorders.
Medicines having sweet, sour and salty tastes and oily, heavy and smooth potencies are helpful against Lhung disorders, whereas medicines having sweet, bitter and astringent tastes and cool, wet and blunt potencies are helpful against Tri-pa disorders. Medicines having hot, sour and astringent tastes and sharp, rough and light potencies are helpful against Bad-kan disorders.
On the basis of these tastes and potencies, two preparations of pacifying and evacuation are formulated. Soups and medicinal butters are the two pacifying preparations for treatment of Lhung disorders. Decoctions and powders are the two pacifying preparations for treatment of Tri-pa disorders, whereas pills and calcinated powders are the two pacifying preparations for treatment of Bad-kan disorders.
The soup include bone soup, four nutrient soup and broth from aged sheep's head. Medicinal butter is a special concoction prepared with Za-ti, Gog-kya, the three fruits, the five roots, and Men-chen as the main ingredients.
Decoctions are made from Ma-nu, Lae-trae, Tik-ta, and the three fruits as the main ingredients. Medicinal powders are compounds of Ga-bur, Tsen-dhen, Gur-gum, Chu-gang as the main ingredients. Pills are made from Tsen-dug and various kinds of salts as the main ingredients. Calcinated powders are prepared with Se-du, Da-li, Goe-ma-kha, salts and Chong-shi as the main ingredients.
The evacuative therapies against Lhung, Tri-pa and Bad-kan disorders are mild enema, purgation and emesis respectively. Types of mild enemas include Le-jam, Tru-jam, and Tru-ma-len. Purgation can be general, specific, strong and mild, whereas emesis can be strong and mild.
Administration of external therapies include massage and Hor-gi Mae-tsa for treatment of Lhung disorders, whereas inducing sweat, venesection and cold water therapy are used for treating Tri-pa disorders. Compression and moxibustion are used for treating Bad-kan disorders.
These ninety-eight therapeutic methods, if practised attentively and with respect and diligence, will free one from the quagmire of disease." Thus it was said.
This is the fifth chapter, on therapeutic methods, from the Secret Quintessential Instructions on the Eight Branches of the Ambrosia Essence Tantra.
(extrait du livre "The Basic Tantra and the Explanatory Tantra from the Secret Quintessential Instructions on the Eight Branches of the Ambrosia Essence Tantra", page 20 et suivantes. Editions Men-Tsee-Khang, collège médical de Sa Sainteté le Dalaï Lama, Dharamsala)
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